ABSTRACT
Evaluating bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) in patients with prostatic enlargement may reflect the severity of the disease and aid in predicting the treatment outcome. Objectives: To determine the sonological correlation between intravesical prostatic protrusion and bladder outlet obstruction in patients with symptomatic benign prostatic enlargement. Methods: This prospective study was conducted over one year at the Department of Radiology, University College Hospital, Ibadan. A transabdominal ultrasound scan of the urinary bladder and prostate gland was carried out on patients with prostatic enlargement and BOO. The intravesical prostatic protrusion, pre-and post-void urine volumes, prostate volume and bladder wall thickness were measured. Results: A total of 132 men aged 43 to 90 years (mean age: 63.8±8.64 years) were studied. The median size of the intravesical prostatic protrusion (IPP) was 7.25 mm (IQR: 0.00 mm; 14.9 mm). The mean prostate volume was 63.3ml±36.0ml. Most subjects (55; 41.7%) had a prostate volume above 60ml, and most patients (101, 77.2%) had bladder wall thickness less than 5mm. The mean bladder wall thickness was 4.26mm±1.54mm. There was a statistically significant correlation between IPP and pre-void urine volume and prostate volume (p = 0.002 and <0.001, respectively). Patients over 70 years had increasing IPP and post-void urine, which lacked statistical significance (p =0.15). Conclusion: The severity of bladder outlet obstruction was reflected in the pre-void urine volume, which correlated with the size of IPP
Subject(s)
Humans , Prostatic Diseases , Prostatic Hyperplasia , Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction , Urine , Urinary Bladder , Treatment Outcome , Intervertebral Disc DisplacementABSTRACT
Introduction: Neonatal sepsis is a major cause of mortality in developing countries. Accurate and quick diagnosis are difficult because clinical presentation are non-specific; bacterial cultures are time-consuming and other laboratory tests lack sensitivity and specificity. Serum procalcitonin (PCT) has been proposed as an early marker of infections in neonates. Objectives: This study investigated the value of PCT in the diagnosis of Neonatal Sepsis.Methods: Neonates undergoing sepsis evaluation at the Special Baby Care Unit; Federal Medical Centre; Abeokuta; Nigeria between January and April 2013 were included. Blood samples were obtained for white cell count; blood cultures; serum CRP and PCT analysis. Neonates were categorised into Proven Sepsis; Suspected Sepsis and Clinical Sepsis groups on the basis of laboratory findings and risk factors. A control group with no clinical and biological data of infection was also included. Predictive values and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of PCT were evaluated.Result: Of the 85 neonates; 19 (22.4%) had positive blood culture. PCT level was significantly higher in neonates in all sepsis groups in comparison with those in the control group (P 0.05). At a cut-off of 0.5 ng/ml; the negative predictive value (NPV) of PCT was 80% and the positive predictive value (PPV) 39%. There were no significant statistical difference between the AUC values of PCT in Early onset and Late onset sepsis; as well between AUC in Preterm and term cases. A higher percentage of neonates who died (96%) had elevated PCT levels compared to those who survived (46%).Conclusion: These findings support the usefulness of the PCT in diagnosis of Neonatal sepsis
Subject(s)
Infant Health , Sepsis , Sepsis/diagnosisABSTRACT
Aim: Helicobacter pylori stool antigen (HpSAg) is associated with chronic antral gastritis and peptic ulceration among young children. The major transmission mechanism is most probably fecal-oral infection among children. Study Design: To study the prevalence and associated demographic variables among school children in Lagos, Nigeria. Place of Study: Alimosho and Ajeromi Local Government Areas of Lagos state, Nigeria between months March and September 2014 Methodology: Fecal samples of 185 apparently healthy children aged between 2 and 16 years were collected by randomized stratified sampling with respective constructive and informative questionnaire. Fecal samples were analysed for Helicobacter pylori Stool Antigen (HpSAg) using immunoassay test kit for HpSAg. Result: Of the 185 children surveyed, high rate of HpSAg fecal positivity was found among ages 5 to 7 (21.6%) with no association with age group (p=0.149,OR= 0.67, CI=0.142-0.156). Fecal positivity among household population reveal high rate of 49.3% among 6 to 7 number of people living together, significant rate of 44.1% was recorded among the artisan but no association with the number of the people living together (p=0.004, OR=0.0, CI= 0.003-0.040). Significant high positive rate of 46.5% was observed among population that never had water availability (p=0.013, OR=0.0; CI=0.010-0.015) and 73.5% prevalence rate was observed. There is significant association (p <0.05) between HpSAg positivity and closeness of their kitchen and water source while no relationship was observed with household population, constant availability of water, maternal educational level, weight and gender. Conclusion: Prevalence HpSAg among asymptomatic children is high in overcrowded households and in families with low socioeconomic standards.
ABSTRACT
Objective: The abnormalities that predispose to torsion are often bilateral. They include horizontally lying testis; bell-clapper deformity (BCD); long mesorchium; well-developed spiral cremasteric muscle and ectopic testis. The pattern and incidence of intrascrotal anomalies that predispose to testicular anomalies in Nigerians have not been studied. Our objective was to define and document this. Material and Methods: The scrotal sacs of fifty cadaver scrotums and inguinal canals from patients aged between 35 and 57 years (mean age: 42 years) were examined. The parameters studied were the location (scrotal or canalicular); alignment (horizontal; vertical); mesorchium (height and width); cremasteric muscle development (well or poorly developed) and parietal tunica vaginalis investment of the testis (normal; intermediate or BCD). Results: Forty-nine testes had descended to the scrotal position; all were anchored by the ligamentum testis. The canalicular position was noted to be present in one cadaver. Forty-eight testes lay vertically. 16of the testes had BCD; while intermediate tunica investment was noted in 12. The most common type of epididymal and testicular relationship was Type I (84). The mesorchium was normal in all specimens examined. Conclusion: The most common anomaly in our study was that of tunica investment; and this is usually bilateral. The need for bilateral orchiopexy in cases of testicular torsion is further strengthened since the anatomic anomalies are usually bilateral
Subject(s)
Models, Anatomic , Nigeria , Scrotum , Spermatic Cord Torsion/pathologyABSTRACT
Objectives To evaluate the role of internal optical urethrotomy in the management of patients with urethral strictures seen at the University College Hospital; Ibadan; Nigeria. Patients and Methods The study was carried out over a five year period. The details of the technique used; including measures taken to ensure that the stricture tract is not lost during urethrotomy are described. A total of 40 patients with urethral strictures were treated by internal optical urethrotomy during the study period with an age range of 26-80 years (mean 42.2 years). The aetiology of the stricture was post-infective in 80of the cases. Results Seventy-five percent of the patients have maintained a satisfactory flow rate of between 15 ml/sec and 28 ml/sec with a mean flow rate of 23 ml/sec after a single attempt at urethrotomy and over a period of follow-up of between 6 months and 5 years. Conclusion Internal optical urethrotomy can be effective in the management of patients with post-infective urethral strictures that do not involve the membranous urethra; and should be attempted in the first instance where the facility exists; particularly as a failed urethrotomy does not jeopardize the management of the stricture by other techniques